A frequency response analyzer ('FRA') is often used to measure gain and phase plots of control loops (Bode plots), filter responses and general frequency domain transfer functions. The FRA generally ...

Time-domain reflectometry (TDR) is a technique that measures and displays the impedance of a network (cable, filter, and so on) over time. Traditionally, this is done with a device that generates very ...

On visiting a high-performance GaAs fab, I was shown a problem with the measurement system. The on-wafer test system was calibrated using a power meter and on-wafer standards, using the built-in ...

Vector network analysis is critical to ensuring the quality of microwave components manufactured for wireless communications systems. If you are designing or manufacturing microwave components, you ...